厄瓜多尔西部沿海地区洪旱灾害特点及对策

Characteristics and countermeasures of flood and drought disasters in Ecuadorian western coastal region

厄瓜多尔西部沿海地区有Guayaquil、Manta、Esmeraldas、Santa Elena等重要城市和港口,是厄瓜多尔的经济中心、工业中心和粮食主产区,在厄瓜多尔占有极其重要的地位。但受地形和气候影响,该地区洪旱灾害频发,同时水利基础设施较为薄弱,应对洪旱灾害的能力严重不足,严重制约了经济和社会发展。详细介绍了该地区的洪旱灾害情况,分析了洪旱灾害产生的主要原因为降水时空分布不均、极端气候频发、河流短且比降陡、洪水陡涨陡落、工程设施薄弱、信息化水平不高和管理能力有待加强等。在此基础上,从防洪体系、水资源综合利用、水资源保护和水资源管理等方面提出了应对洪旱灾害的措施,为厄瓜多尔经济和社会发展提供保障,促进国家美好生活规划各项目标的实现。

Ecuador has many important cities and ports on the western coastal region such as Guayaquil, Manta, Esmeraldas, Santa Elena, etc. As the economic center, industrial center and main grain production region of Ecuador, the western coastal re- gion is of great importance to the whole nation. However, it suffered the frequent flood and drought disasters that are affected by the terrain and climate change. Together with the weak water infrastructure and deficient capacity of disaster resilience, the social and economic development of this area was restricted. This paper introduces the general information of flood and draught disasters and further analysis shows that the flood and drought disasters are mainly caused by uneven temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation, frequent occurrence of extreme climate, short reach and steep ratio of riverbed, sharp rise and fall of flood, defi- cient structural facilities, low level of informatization and weak management capacity, etc. In order to ensure the safety of water and grain supply and flood control and achieve the goal of National good life plan , countermeasures are put forward from the as- pects of flood control system, integrated utilization of water resources, water resource protection and water resource management.