厄瓜多尔区域水文平衡研究

Research on regional hydrological balance in Ecuador

采用厄瓜多尔147个气象站多年实测降水、温度、风速、湿度、日照等气象数据,分析研究了西部太平洋水系区、中部安第斯山区和东部亚马逊平原区降水、潜在蒸散发、土壤水分储存变化、实际蒸发量及土壤水的盈余或赤字量等水文平衡过程。研究方法基于Thornthwaite水平衡模型,需要输入降水量、潜在蒸散发量和土壤最大含水量等重要参数。潜在蒸散发量研究采用FAO-56 Penman-Monteith法和改进的Thornthwaite法。研究成果清晰展示了降水、蒸发、水量盈余或赤字的时空分布,对于研究该地区土壤水分的变化,优化农作物种植结构及播种、灌溉时机,水资源优化配置和水利工程规划可提供重要参考。

Based on the meteorological data of precipitation, temperature, wind velocity, moisture and sunshine at 147 meteor- ological stations in Ecuador, the hydrological variables such as precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, soil moisture storage change, actual evaporation and soil water surplus or deficit in the western coastal region to the Pacific, the central Andes area and the eastern Amazon plain are analyzed. The Thornthwaite water balance model was employed in this research, which requires the parameters such as precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and soil maximum water content. The potential evapotranspiration was calculated by using FAO - 56 Penman - Monteith method and modified Thornthwaite method. The results can clearly show the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation, evaporation, surplus or deficit, and the changes of soil moisture. The re- sults are valuable to mastering the soil water content change, the crop planting structure optimization as well as irrigation opportumty.