在国际团结与民族国家之间——现代世界体系中的劳工阶级

Between the International Solidarity and the Nation-States: The Working Class in the Modern World System

资本主义的全球化扩张在世界范围内制造了劳工阶级及其反抗运动,因此需要我们从现代世界体系的视野来理解这一过程。作者以现代世界体系中的劳工阶级与民族国家之间的互动过程为基本线索,致力于揭示民族国家整合劳工阶级从而阻碍劳工阶级形成国际团结的主要逻辑。首先,现代世界体系虽然在劳动分工过程将劳工塑造到相近的位置上,也就是从劳动力市场中赚取工资性收入的雇佣劳动者——劳工阶级,但是现代世界体系也导致了民族国家的形成。其次,民族国家的形成将劳工阶级分散到相互分割的政治地理空间之中,不仅民族国家之间的贫富差距会加深劳工阶级的国别差异,而且民族国家的统治策略也会促使劳工阶级积极向民族国家靠拢,从而与民族国家整合在一起。再次,现代世界体系中劳动力商品化的压力和民族国家在劳工阶级内部制造的裂痕,促使劳工阶级不得不主动远离国际团结转而进行界限划分,否则就不可能适应现代世界体系。最后,现代世界体系的维系恰是以劳工阶级的分裂为前提的,所以劳工阶级国际团结的实现必须以现代世界体系的改变作为基本条件和构成元素。

The global expansion of capitalism has created the working class and their resistance movement worldwide,so we need to understand this process from the perspective of the modern world system. By taking the process of interaction between the working class and nation-states in the modern world system as the basic clue,this paper aims to reveal the logic of how the nation-states use rule strategy to hinder the international solidarity formation of working class. First of all,the modern world system has shaped working class in similar positions on the one hand,and has shaped nationstates on the other hand. Secondly,nation-states have divided working class into separate political geographical spaces. Thus,not only national gap between rich and poor has deepened the discrepancy of the working class,but also the rule strategy has promoted working class to move closer to nation-states. Thirdly, the pressure of labor commodity and cracks inside working class that compel working class to turn away from international solidarity. Finally,because the maintenance of modern world system is based on the division of working class,the realization of the international solidarity of working class must be based on the changes of modern world system.