从游戏场看近代上海的全球想象

Playground as An Urban Entertainment Culture and Its Global Imagination in the Late Qing Dynasty and Republican Shanghai

在上海愈益成为异质性都市的背景下,游戏场紧紧抓住小市民阶层,使之成为主要受众,通过游戏场空间安排与媒介再现,将游戏场精心设计成一种适宜小家庭的、有益工作的、充满奇趣的都市娱乐文化,这与游戏场生意的盈利经济学契合。游戏场及其出版物将"世界"想象成新奇有趣的,由此悬置了现实的世界秩序。然而另一方面,作为嵌入到全球政治经济秩序当中的游戏场(民族娱乐业),又常常在实体空间与报端突出民族国家与民族工商业的利益,认为它们都面临来自世界的威胁。这两种全球想象图景折射出彼时上海迅速崛起为全国工商业、金融业中心与多元混杂的世界性都市的现实以及"中西"相遇所带来的世界主义文化与焦虑心态。

Shanghai playground emerged in the 1910 s and gained success quickly with low entrance fee and various shows,facilities and exhibitions of novelty and strange,which catered to the tastes of the large heterogenous migration population and entertainment demands of 'petty urbanites'. To make its visitors detach from daily work temporarily,a world full of amusement was created in playground space and represented in its publications. By doing so,the global order in reality was deformed and diluted. But at the same time,playground as part of national commerce embedded in global political and economic order also emphasized the interests of the nation state as well as national industry and commerce every now and then by claiming that they both faced to the threaten from the 'outside world'. These two kinds of global imagination pictures from the perspective of playground reflected the reality that Shanghai rose quickly as the na-tional center of industry,commerce and finance,and the cosmopolitan culture as well as anxiety brought about by Shanghai as a place where China and the West encountered.