战后美国犹太组织的“群际关系运动”及其影响

Study on ‘Intergroup Relations Movement' of American Jewish Organizations after World War Ⅱ

犹太组织是参与和影响美国民权事业中的一支关键力量。第二次世界大战结束后的大约20年间,犹太组织通过内部优化整合,能力明显提升,并充分利用美国国内外时局,开展了一系列被称为"群际关系运动"的民权行动,从整体上塑造了有利于少数族裔群体生存和发展的社会政治环境。在参与"群际关系运动"中,主要犹太组织之间在理论认知、策略选择、主要途径等方面表现出明显差异。犹太民权运动引领、支援了美国其他少数族裔开展的民权斗争,改变了美国主流社会歧视和排斥犹太人的态度和行为,有效提升了犹太人在美国的社会政治地位,锻造了更加自信、成熟、强大的犹太组织网络,塑造了犹太人在美国社会政治中的自由派形象和声望。

Jewish organizations were a critical force participating and influencing American civil rights affairs. In nearly 20 years after WWII,Jewish organizations,which become more powerful through restructuring and integrating,made best of the favorable historical conditions domestically and internationally,launched a series of civil rights actions named ‘intergroup relations movement' to construct a more benign social-political environment for all U. S. minorities. Different perceptions,tactics and means were adopted by different Jewish Organizations during the movement. As the Jewish edition of civil rights movement,it led and assisted other minorities' struggle for equal rights,changed the social attitude and behavior of discrimination and exclusion to Jews from the mainstream society in America,effectively enhanced Jews' social-political position in U. S.,forged a network of Jewish organizations with more self-confidence,experience and power,shaped its image and prestige of liberal in American society and politics.