密集的市中心和分散化的郊区:城市可持续发展的初探研究

Dense Downtown vs. Suburban Dispersed: A Pilot Study on Urban Sustainability

本论文呈现的研究初步成果来自于CTBUH资助的开拓性研究项目,该项目为期两年,基于大量的芝加哥市中心的高层住宅及相对应数量的芝加哥郊区橡树公园的低层住宅,通过采集能源账单和其它真实数据,研究人们日常生活中真实的物质环境和社交活动的可持续性发展。这项研究是开拓性的,因为到目前为止,相似的研究都是基于整个城市能源使用量、大规模交通模式的拥有超大数据集的广义数据,因而容易忽略重要的微观差别。本研究把真实数据的质量放在第一位,质量优先于数量(本研究所调查的高层住宅组和低层住宅组各有250个左右的案例)。在城市和郊区两组的案例中,综合评定了下列参数:(i)家庭运行能源消耗(ii)住房内含能源(iii)家庭用水消耗(iv)通勤交通活动(v)城市的/郊区的基础设施,以及(vi)生活质量。这项开创性的完整研究成果将在2017年出版的《CTBUH研究报告》中呈现。本文的内容是介绍这项研究的初步成果(目前未经验证)、研究过程中需要考虑的限制条件以及这项初探研究未来的发展计划。

This paper presents the initial findings of a ground-breaking two-year CTBUH-funded research project investigating the real environmental and social sustainability of people’s lifestyles in a number of high-rise residential towers in downtown Chicago, and a comparable number of low rise homes in suburban Oak Park, Chicago – based on actual energy bills and other real data. The study is ground-breaking because, to date, similar studies have been mostly based on very large data sets of generalized data regarding whole-city energy consumption, or large-scale transport patterns, which often misses important nuances. This study has thus prioritized quality of real data（based on around 250 households in both high rise and low rise case studies）, over quantity. In both urban and suburban cases, the following factors have been assessed：（i） home operational energy use,（ii） embodied energy of the dwelling,（iii） home water consumption,（iv） mobility and transport movements,（v） urban/suburban Infrastructure, and（vi） quality of life. The full results of this seminal study will be published in the form of a CTBUH Research Report publication in 2017. Presented below is an overview of the initial（and, currently, unverified） findings of the research, together with the limitations of the study that should be taken into account, as well as future plans for developing this important pilot study.