2012—2016年云南省食源性致病菌污染状况

Pollution status of food-borne pathogens in Yunnan Province from 2012-2016

目的了解云南省2012—2016年食源性致病菌的污染状况,为预防食源性疾病的暴发提供参考依据。方法对2012—2016年通过国家"食源性疾病暴发监测系统"上报的食源性致病菌污染事件进行整理分析。结果云南省2012—2016年通过国家"食源性疾病暴发报告系统"共报告食源性致病菌污染事件160起,中毒6 785人,死亡12人,分别占同期云南省食物中毒事件相应统计项总数的5.11%、6.06%及3.58%。致病菌中毒起数和中毒人数排名前3位的致病菌种为沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和蜡样芽胞杆菌。致死率最高的菌种为椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种;致病菌中毒起数和中毒人数排名前3位的致病食品类型为肉与肉制品、混合食品及蔬菜类食品。但致死率较高的食品来源是粮食类。学校食堂发生食源性致病菌污染中毒人数占36.70%,家庭发生食源性致病菌污染事件数占31.25%。由于加工不当导致的食源性致病菌污染发生事件数和中毒人数分别占比40.00%,50.49%。因误食误用导致的死亡占死亡人数的50.00%。结论食源性致病菌污染是较为严重的公共卫生事件,应采取有效措施对高发季节、高发场所、重点菌种及主要食品进行重点监测和管理。加强致病菌中毒的相关研究和事件调查处置,做好相关科普宣传等,是预防和控制致病菌中毒事件的有效措施。

[Objective] To know the pollution status of food-borne pathogens in Yunnan Province from 2012-2016,provide reference for prevention of food-borne disease outbreaks.[Methods] The data of food-borne pathogen pollution events which were reported in the national food-borne disease outbreak reporting system from 2012-2016 were collected and analyzed. [ResultsJ A total of 160 food-borne pathogen pollution events,6 785 poisoning cases and 12 death cases were reported in Yunnan Province from 2012-2016 by the national food-borne disease outbreak reporting system,respectively accounting for 5.11%,6.06%, 3.58% of the food poisoning in Yunnan Province during the same period. The top three pathogenic bacteria with most poisoning events and poisoning cases were Salmonella, Staphylococcus aurous and Bacillus cereus, while the pathogen with the highest fatality rate was rice flour subspecies of Pseudomonas coeovenenans. The top three food types with most poisoning events and poisoning cases were meat and meat products, mixed food, and vegetable, while the food with the highest fatality rate was grains. Most of food- borne pathogen poisoning cases occurred in school canteen accounting for 36.70%. Most of poisoning events occurred at home, accounting for 31.25%. The food-borne pathogen pollution events and poisoning eases caused by improper processing accounted for 40.00% and 50.49% respectively. 50.00% of death cases were caused by eating something poisonous by mistake. [ Conclusion ] The food-borne pathogens pollution is a serious public health event, so effective measures should be taken to monitor and manage in view of the season,high-risk places,key species and main food. To strengthen research on food-borne pathogens poisoning, investigation on poisoning events,and improve the popular science propaganda are the effective measures to prevent and control the pathogenic bacteria poisoning events.