北京市朝阳区3～7岁儿童气质特点及影响因素

Temperament characteristics and influencing factors among children aged 3-7 years old in Chaoyang District of Beijing

目的了解北京市朝阳区3~7岁儿童气质现况及影响因素,为儿童早期教育提供参考依据。方法于2015年,采用3~7岁儿童气质问卷对432名儿童进行调查,采用多元线性回归分析进行分析。结果北京市朝阳区3~7岁儿童气质类型以中间偏易养型(60.2%)及易养型(14.1%)为主,其次为中间偏难养型(10.9%)和启动缓慢型(10.4%),难养型最少(4.4%)。儿童适应性维度上得分相对较高(5.11±0.74),反应阈维度上得分相对较低(3.29±0.74)。男童活动水平维度得分高于女童(t=2.911,P<0.05),情绪本质维度得分低于女童(t=-2.525,P<0.05),活动水平、趋避性、反应强度和反应阈维度存在年龄组差异(P<0.05)。独生子女的情绪本质维度得分低于非独生子女(t=-2.975,P<0.05),父亲学历越高,反应阈维度得分越低(F=5.649,P<0.05)。儿童气质维度的影响因素主要有儿童性别、年龄、是否独生子女、父亲学历。结论不同性别、年龄、是否独生子女、父亲学历儿童在各气质维度上存在差别,应重视3~7岁儿童的气质测评,对不同气质类型和气质维度的儿童因材施教。

[ Objective ] To understand the temperament characteristics and influencing factors among children aged 3-7 years old in Beijing Chaoyang District,provide reference for children early education. [Methods] 432 Children were surveyed using the Child Temperament Scale （3-7 years old）, and method of multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors. [Results] The temperament types of children aged 3-7 years old in Beijing Chaoyang District were mainly in the middle but inkling to easy rear （60.2%） and the easy rear type （14.1%）,followed by the middle but inkling to difficult rear （10.9%）,the slow start type （10.4%） and the difficult rear type （4.4%）. The score on children＇s adaptive dimension was relatively high （5.11±0.74）, while the score on response threshold dimension was relatively low （3.29±0.74）. The activity level of boys was higher than that of girls （t=2.911, P〈0.05）, while the emotional dimension of boys was lower than that of girls （t=-2.525,P〈O.05）. The differences in the activity level, avoidance, response intensity and response threshold dimension were statistically significant among age groups （P〈0.05）. The emotional dimension of the only child is lower than that of the non-only child （t=-2.975 ,P〈0.05 ）. The higher the father＇s education level,the lower score of the response threshold dimension （F=5.649,P〈0.05）. The influencing factors of children＇s temperament dimension are children gender,age,whether the child is only-children,and father＇s education.[ Conclusion] There are some differences in the temperament dimension among different children groups in gender, age, whether the child is only-children, and father＇s education. It is necessary to pay attention to temperament evaluation in children aged 3-7 years old, and cultivate children in accordance with their different temperament types and temperament dimensions.