2012—2015年上海市浦东新区水痘流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from 2012-2015

目的了解上海市浦东新区水痘的发病状况,为相关预防控制工作提供科学依据。方法对浦东新区2012—2015年13 499例水痘病例进行描述分析,运用SPSS软件进行统计处理,率的比较采用χ2检验。结果浦东新区2012—2015年水痘平均发病率为62.50/10万,本市居民发病率高于外来人员。发病呈季节性变化,高峰为11月至次年1月和4—6月。发病年龄集中在5~<10岁,以幼托儿童及小学生为主,男性多于女性。165起水痘暴发疫情均发生于教学机构,其中58.64%的病例为突破病例。结论小学生及幼托儿童是水痘防控重点人群,应加强疫情监测、严格落实发病班级和病例管理措施、完善水痘疫苗接种,以全面降低水痘发病率。

[Objective] To know the epidemic situation of varicella in Pudong New Area of Shanghai, provide the scientific basis for the prevention and control. [Methods] 13 499 varicella cases in Pudong New Area from 2012-2015 were analyzed descriptively. SPSS statistical software was used to deal with the data, and the rates were compared by X2 test. [ Results ] The average incidence of varicella was 62.50/lakh in Pudong New Area from 2012-2015,and the incidence of local residents was higher than that of foreign population. There was an obvious seasonal change,and the peak seasons appeared November to January of the nest year and April to June. Most of cases were child aged 5-〈10 years old, mainly were kindergarten children and primary school students, and Men patients were more than women. 165 outbreaks of varicella occurred in educational institutions, and 58.64% of cases were breakthrough cases. [ Conclusion] The primary school students and kindergarten children are the key population for varicella prevention and control. It is necessary to strengthen the epidemic surveillance, strictly implement the management measures in infected class and case, and improve the varicella vaccination, to reduce the incidence of varicella.