2016年上海市浦东新区狂犬病疫苗不良反应影响因素

Influencing factors on adverse reactions of rabies vaccine in Pudong New Area of Shanghai in 2016

目的分析2016年上海市浦东新区狂犬疫苗不良反应发生率及影响因素。方法分别收集定点犬伤门诊狂犬病暴露人群狂犬疫苗接种登记数据库与不良反应问卷,用描述性统计方法分析不良反应的发生情况,用单因素与多因素统计法分析不良反应发生率的影响因素。结果 2016年浦东新区狂犬疫苗不良反应发生率为0.50%,一般反应以单纯性发热为主,占48.70%,局部反应以局部疼痛为主,占28.70%。不良反应发生时间主要在接种后12~24 h内,占45.66%。低年龄组、患者暴露分级为Ⅲ级、致伤动物为其他动物、动物来源为他养、接种方案为5针法接种疫苗后发生不良反应风险较高。结论 2016年浦东新区狂犬疫苗接种后不良反应发生率低且反应轻微,低年龄组更易发生不良反应,建议<20岁患者考虑4针接种(2-1-1)方案。

[Objective] To analyze the incidence of adverse reactions caused by rabies vaccine and its influencing factors in Pudong New Area of Shanghai in 2016. [Methods] The rabies vaccine inoculation registration database of sentinel dog injury clinics and the adverse reaction questionnaires from the exposed population were collected. Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the incidence of adverse reactions, and the influencing factors of adverse reactions were analyzed by single and multivariate statistical method. [ Results ] The incidence of adverse reactions caused by rabies vaccine in Pudong New Area in 2016 was 0.50%. The general reactions were mainly simple fever, accounting for 48.70%, and the local reactions were mainly local pain, accounting for 28.70%. Most of adverse reactions occurred within 12-24 hours after inoculation, accounting for 45.66%. The people in low age group, with grade m exposure, injured by other animal, animal raised by other people, and taking vaccination program of five-injection method had the higher risk of adverse reactions. [Conclusionl The incidence of adverse reactions after rabies vaccination is low and the reaction is mild in Pudong New Area in 2016, and the people in low age group are more prone to the adverse reactions. It is recommended that patients under 20 years old should choose the vaccination program of four-injection （2-1-1） method.