超越民族国家的理论反思

Theoretical Reflections beyond Nation-State

哈贝马斯认为,欧洲现代民族国家是在近代以来的市民社会发展过程中形成的。公民的权利保障是现代民族国家的基石。现代民族以自然主义的民族为基础,但其实质在于公民自由。在民族国家的概念里,包含着公民个人自由与民族自由,即内在具有现代公民的普遍主义与民族特殊主义两重因素。现代经济社会和政治社会的发展超越了民族国家的主权概念,欧盟就是在这样的背景下成立和发展起来的。从公民普遍主义发展出来的不仅仅是欧盟,而且应当有着更为意义深远的人类价值目标,那就是世界公民社会。

Habermas believes that the modern European nation-state is formed with the development of modern civil society. The protection of citizens＇ rights is the cornerstone o（ modern nation-state. The modern nation is based on the naturalist nation,but its essence lies in the freedom of citizens. However, nation-state contains the citizen＇s freedom and national freedom in the concept of nation-state, that is, universalism of modern citizens and national specialism. The development of modern economic society and political society has transcended the concept of sovereignty of nation-states, and the EU has been established and developed in this context. Habermas believes that not only EU,but also the world＇s civil society, should develop from civic universalism,which has more far-reaching human value goals.