西周法律思想的“类型学”研究

Typology of the Legal Ideology of the Western Zhou Dynasty

西周法律思想围绕着"天命"、"王权"、"民本"、"规则"四个方面进行了系统建构。天命的权威性、平等性以及可转移性思想使天命的神圣性得以凸显。而王权的代理性、受限制性、受监督性及地域性思想,导致了王权思想的弱化状态。民本思想强调王权自身的勤政无逸和对民众安全、富裕、健康和安定等方面的关心和维护,展现了民众追求幸福的正当性。而规则作为社会治理的重要工具,其思想展现了规则的多元化和正义性特征以及强调规则的具体的实施。四个方面的思想构成西周法律思想体系,蕴含着西周时期我国法律精神的逻辑理性和正义内涵,奠定了中华民族传统文化发展的基础。

The legalideology of the Western Zhou Dynasty （1046 B. C-771 B. C） is systematically constructed focusing on the four aspects of ＂the mandate of heaven＂, ＂kingship＂,＂people-orientation＂, and ＂rules＂. The authority, equality and transferability of the ideology of mandate of heaven makes it prominent. The ideology of the kingship is weakened by its agency, restriction, supervision and regionalism. By emphasizing diligent kingship and its concern about people＇s safety, wealth, health and stability, people-oriented ideology demonstrates the legitimacy of people＇s pursuit of happiness. The ideology of rule, as an important tool of social governance, shows the diversity and justice and the implementation. The four as- pects constitute the legal ideology of the Western Zhou Dynasty,which contains the logic, rationality and justice of the legal spirit of the early period of our country, laying foundation for the development of Chinese traditional culture.