国家、社会与明代云南民族民间宗教的文化重构

Cultural Reconstruction of State,Society,and Yunnan Ethnic and Folk Religions in the Ming Dynasty

民族民间宗教及其文化生态嵌入在国家与社会的关系场域之中,既有基于民族民间社会演化传承的信仰形态,也包括"五大宗教"民族化和民间化形成的信仰形态。明代云南民族民间宗教文化重构中有国家力量与社会情境的影响,形成了"国家—社会—民间"三者互动嵌构的动态过程。官方宗教民间化与民间宗教官方化,是解读宗教文化生态的两条主线,从中亦可折射明代云南地方社会与国家政权的关系。

Ethnic and folk religion and its cultural ecology are embedded in the relationship field of the state and society. There are faith forms based on the ethnic and folk social inheritance and evolution, and the ones formed by the nationalization of the five major religions. The cultural and religious reconstruction of the Yunnan ethnic groups in the Ming Dynasty（1368-1644） is influenced by state power and social context, forming an interactive and dynamic state-society-folk process. There are two clues to understand this, one is the folk tendency of the official religion and the other is the official tendency of the folk religions,which reflects the relationship between Yunnan local society and the state power.