农村育龄妇女生殖健康状况及影响因素——以湘西土家族苗族自治州为例

Reproductive Health of the Rural Women of Childbearing Age in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture and the Influential factors

为了了解湘西土家族苗族自治州(简称湘西州)农村育龄妇女的生殖健康状况及影响因素,对采用整群抽样方法抽取的800名18~50岁的农村育龄妇女进行问卷调查,回收有效问卷750份.750名农村育龄妇女中,妇科病患病率高达63.1%,患病率从高到低的前3位为阴道炎、子宫颈炎、盆腔炎;不同年龄及文化程度的妇女妇科病患病率差异具统计学意义;"两癌"预防、孕产期保健知识的了解、定期妇检、对妇科病与性卫生关系的态度、清洗阴部、孕期检查、家庭月收入、家庭地位、社区卫生条件和服务这9个变量,是影响湘西州农村育龄妇女生殖健康的重要因素.湘西州农村育龄妇女妇科病患病率高,影响生殖健康的因素涉及个人、家庭及社区等,建议从多层面采取有效措施进行干预,改善农村育龄妇女的生殖健康状况.

To investigate the reproductive health of rural women of childbearing age in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture and the influential factors, a cluster-sampling questionnaire was carried out among 800 18-50 years old rural women and 750 valid questionnaires were collected. The results showed that the prevalence of gynecological diseases was up to 63.1%, and the first three are Vaginitis,Cervicitis,Pelvic inflammation. There was significant difference in the prevalence of gynecological diseases among the women in different age groups and with different levels of education. The influential factors involve those of individual, family, and community, which include prevention of cervical cancer and breast cancer, knowledge about maternal health, regular gynecological examination, awareness of gynecological and sex health, pudendum cleaning, prenatal checkup, monthly family income, status in family, and community health condition and service. Intervening measures should be taken in multiple facets to improve the gynecological health of rural women of childbearing age.