厦门市居民慢性病及其危险因素调查分析

Analysis of chronic diseases and the risk factors in residents of Xiamen city

目的了解厦门市居民主要慢性非传染性疾病及相关危险因素的流行状况,为评价厦门市慢性病干预效果及制订相关政策提供科学依据。方法于2012-2016年,采用统一的慢性病及其危险因素调查实施方案,按比例分层随机抽样的方法抽取厦门市所辖6个区≥18岁且居住6个月以上的常住居民20 535名为研究对象。调查员通过问卷调查了解居民主要慢性病患病情况,吸烟、饮食、饮酒、身体活动、家庭油盐月摄入量等行为危险因素及健康知识知晓情况。通过体格检查和实验室检测获取居民身高、体重、腰围、血压、血糖和血脂等指标。综合医院诊断的既往病史和现场调查结果确定慢性病病例。采用SPSS 17.0统计软件包进行χ~2检验。结果厦门市≥18岁居民高血压患病率为16.51%,糖尿病患病率为6.24%,高胆固醇血症患病率为5.54%,肥胖患病率为9.09%。慢性病相关危险因素中,调查人群吸烟率为25.57%,被动吸烟率为51.30%,饮酒率为14.38%,高盐饮食率为48.21%,高脂饮食率为57.17%,缺乏锻炼率为58.15%。结论厦门市慢性病患病率相对较低,但吸烟等慢性病危险因素在人群中普遍存在,应持续推进全民健康生活方式行动项目,巩固加强慢性病综合防控工作。

Objective To investigate the chronic diseases and the risk factors in residents of Xiamen city and provide the scientific basis for evaluating the intervention effects on chronic diseases and formulating relevant policies.Methods From 2012 to 2016,the stratified random sampling method was used to select 20 535 residents（≥18 years old） from 6 districts of Xiamen city as the subjects.The investigation was conducted with the questionnaire,physical examination and blood tests to obtain the data（chronic diseases,smoking,drinking,diet,physical activity,the intake of oil or salt,health knowledge awareness,body height,weight,waistline,blood pressure,blood glucose and blood lipid）.The χ~2 test was utilized to analyze the data,the used software was SPSS17.0.Results The morbidities of hypertension,diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia and obesity in 20 535 subjects were 16.51%,6.24%,5.54% and 9.09%,respectively.The rates of smoking,passive smoking,drinking,high-salt diet,high-fat diet and lack of exercise were 25.57%,51.3%,14.38%,48.21%,57.17% and 58.15%,respectively.Conclusion The morbidities of the major chronic diseases in Xiamen city are lower,but the risk factors of chronic diseases widely exist among residents.The projects of China Healthy Lifestyle should be performed to improve the prevention and control of chronic diseases.