转型时期中国居民家庭收入流动性的演变

The Evolution of Household Income Mobility in the Transitional China

本文利用中国居民收入分配课题组1995-2013年4轮城镇和农村住户调查数据对中国居民家庭收入流动进行了研究。结果表明:自20世纪90年代以来,尽管在2007-2009年中国城镇家庭收入流动性有短暂回升,但整体呈逐步下降趋势;农村家庭收入流动性在1993-2009年呈上升趋势,但2011-2013年出现大幅下降。收入流动性在东、中、西部地区和不同年龄段人群之间表现不一。2011-2013年,虽然城乡家庭的收入保持较高增长,但收入流动性的大幅下降意味着各收入阶层的固化度在上升,不利于贫富差距的进一步缩小。推进市场化改革、提供竞争的市场环境、深化收入分配制度改革是提高收入流动、缩小收入差距、促进经济可持续发展的有效途径。

Using the data collected by China Household Income Projects,this paper estimates household income mobility in the transitional China from 1993 to 2013. In general,the income mobility in urban area has declined since 1990 s,except a short rebound between 2007 and 2009. Income mobility of rural households was ascending till 2009 before it fell substantially from 2011 to 2013. The income mobility varies a lot across the eastern,the central and the western regions and over different cohorts. Despite the fact that household income in both urban and rural China increased significantly between 2011 and 2013,the drop of the income mobility indicates that it is more difficult to move up the social ladder. Finally,the paper points out that policy reforms regarding competitive market and income distribution are effective ways to increase the income mobility and reduce the income inequality.