外泌体及其在乳腺癌发生发展中的作用

Exosomes and its role in the development of breast cancer

外泌体(exosomes)是一种由许多细胞分泌,直径为30~100 nm的囊泡,其主要作用是将细胞质内的大分子物质排出胞外。研究表明,外泌体对肿瘤的血管生成、免疫应答以及肿瘤微环境均具有调节作用。在乳腺癌转移过程中,外泌体数目和内容物会发生改变,且外泌体还能影响抗癌药物在胞内的运输,降低肿瘤细胞对药物的敏感性。本文将以乳腺癌为重点,探讨外泌体在肿瘤侵袭和转移中的意义。

Exosomes released by a variety of cells are nano-sized vesicles with the diameter from 30 to 100 nm,and its main function is to exocytosis the large molecule material from the cell.The study shows that the exosomes have the regulating effect on tumor angiogenesis,immune response and tumor microenvironment.It is demonstrated that the contents and the quantity of exosomes will change in the process of breast cancer cell metastasis.Exosomes could also transmit anti-cancer drugs outside breast cancer cells,therefore leading to low drug sensitivity.This paper focuses on the breast cancer to explore the significance of exosomes in tumor invasion and metastasis.