某综合性医院2013—2016年医院感染现患率调查

Survey on prevalence rates of hospital-acquired infection in a general hospital from 2013 to 2016

目的了解医院感染现患率调查情况及其变化趋势,为有效预防与控制医院感染提供科学依据。方法采用横断面调查方法,分别在2013—2016年连续4年对全院住院患者进行医院感染现患率调查与分析,采用SPSS 16.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 4年来医院感染现患率分别为4.80%、4.53%、3.74%、2.58%,呈现逐年下降趋势。医院感染现患率较高的科室为重症监护病房(ICU),感染部位以下呼吸道为主,占57.48%,其次分别为上呼吸道(11.81%)和泌尿系统(10.63%)。医院感染病原体主要为肺炎克雷伯菌15株、金黄色葡萄球菌12株、铜绿假单胞菌7株、大肠埃希菌5株、鲍曼不动杆菌4株和真菌11株。2013—2016年日抗菌药物使用率分别为25.31%、27.96%、25.74%、28.24%。结论医院感染现患率逐年降低,体现医院感染管理工作效果明显,重症监护病房和下呼吸道感染是医院感染控制的重点科室和部位。同时医院感染面临多重耐药菌的威胁,应加强相关的医院感染控制措施,规范抗菌药物合理使用。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hospital-acquired infection and understand its variation trends so as to provide scientific data for prevention and control infections. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out among all hospitalized patients to investigate the prevalence of four consecutive years of hospital-acquired infection from 2013 to 2016. The data was analyzed by SPSS 16. 0 software. Results The prevalence of four consecutive years of hospital-acquired infection from 2013 to 2016 was 4. 80%,4. 53%,3.74%,2. 58%,respectively,appearing to be reducing over time. The highest infection prevalence was the intensive care unit（ ICU）. The top infection site was lower respiratory tract,accounting for 57. 48% of all the infection; followed by upper respiratory tract（ 11.81%） and urinary tract（ 10.63%）.Among the major species of pathogens causing the infections was Klebsiella pneumoniate（ 15 stains）,Staphylococcus aureus（ 12 stains）,Pseudomonas aeruginosa（ 7 stains）,Escherichia coli（ 5 stains） and Acinetobacter baumannii（ 4 stains）. For four consecutive years,the antibiotic used rates were 25. 31%,27. 96%,25. 74%,28. 24%,respectively.Conclusions The prevalence of hospital-acquired infection appears to be decreasing year by year and suggests the effect of hospital infection management. The focus of hospital-acquired infection is still the intensive care unit and lower respiratory tract. Hospital-acquired infection is faced with the threat of MDROs. Control measures related for patients with MDROs infection is equally important as rational use of antimicrobial drugs.