论自愿性标准的主导地位及其原因

Discussion on the Key Role of Voluntary Standards and the Cause of Formation

自愿性是标准的本性,自愿性标准之所以走向强制性标准,是因为标准的规模经济功能使标准与垄断厂商产生联系,以及垄断厂商有必要和可能利用标准提高产品质量,从而满足政府对保障公共安全的合法需求。可是后工业社会下,一方面,范围经济取代规模经济的主导地位,使得垄断厂商的标准化所带来的规模经济效应消解,进而使厂商以规模经济推动强制标准的动力消减;另一方面,政府放松管制背景下,标准被作为政府放松管制的工具,从而使垄断厂商以提高产品质量标准俘获政府推动强制标准的能力下降。与此同时,后工业社会也为自愿标准重新确立主导地位,提供了政治、经济、组织、技术和文化基础。

Voluntary is the nature of the standard. The reason of wduntary standards turning into mandatory standards is that standards establish contact with monopolistic manufacturers t^y economies of soMe of standards, and monopolistic manufacturers using standards to improve the quality of products is necessary and possible, therefore, this tendency satisfy the legal needs of government aloout public security. However, in the post-indnstrial society, on the one hand, scope economy replacing scale economy as a key role decreases the effect of scale economy which brought by standardization of monopolistic manufacturers, and then reduces the impetus of manufacturers using scale economy to promote mandatory standards. On the other hand, in the background of deregulation, the standard is used as a tool of derexulation, which weakens the ability that monopolistic manufacturers capture the government by meanings of improving the quality of products to promote mandatory standards Meanwhile, the post-industrial society also provides the basis of politics, economy, organization and culture for voluntary standards re-establishing the key role