复合政治:自然单元与行政单元的治理逻辑——基于“深度中国调查”材料的认识

Composite Politics: Governance Logic of Natural Unit and Administrative Unit——Based on the Understanding of the Materials from the “In-depth China Survey”

中国农村基层的基本单元是国家治理的基础,其组合与选择决定着基层治理的成效。中国农村基层的基本单元分为行政单元和自然单元,前者具有行政功能,后者具有社会功能,两者互动、互补,形成了具有中国特色的基层"复合政治"。在传统时期,两者分立,功能互补;在国家建构时期,两者从分到合,功能呈反向发展,行政单元的行政功能逐趋增多,逐渐取代了自然单元的社会功能;在新农村建设时期,两者从合到分,功能开始同向增多。基本单元与国家治理能力也有很强的相关性,长期来看,随着国家治理能力增强,自然单元的社会功能在逐渐减少,自治能力在减弱;行政单元的行政功能在逐渐增多,治理能力在增强。

The elementary units of China's grass-roots rural areas are the foundation for national governance,the combination and selection of elementary units determine the effectiveness of governance at the grass-roots level. The elementary units of China's grass-roots rural areas are divided into administrative unit and natural unit,the former has administrative function while the latter has social function,both interact and complement each other to form a grass-roots 'composite politics'with Chinese characteristics. In the traditional period,both of them were discrete but remained complementary; in the state construction period,they underwent a change from division to combination and developed reversely in their functions,the administrative unit had increasingly more administrative functions,which had gradually replaced the social function of the natural unit; in the new countryside construction period,they have shifted from combination to separation again and their functions began to increase in the same direction. The elementary units have a strong correlation with national governance capacity. In the long run,with the strengthening of national governance capacity,there will be gradually less social functions and weaker self-governance capacity in the natural unit while there will be gradually more administrative functions and stronger governance capacity in the administrative unit.