基于儿童和成人血铅模型的土壤环境铅基准值研究

Lead benchmarks for soils based on blood lead model for children and adult in China

目的借鉴国际上认可度较高的综合暴露吸收生物动力学模型(IEUBK)和成人血铅模型(ALM),通过实地调查儿童和成人铅暴露情况对模型参数进行本土化,探讨土壤环境铅基准值。方法通过对湖北G县和湖南Y县61~84月龄儿童铅暴露的调查,本土化IEUBK模型相关参数,推导住宅区土壤铅基准值;调查武汉孕妇血铅,收集2010年后发表的血铅相关文献,采用ALM模型推导工业或商业区土壤铅基准值。结果采用IEUBK模型推导铅污染地区的土壤环境铅基准值时,因为除尘土外其他介质的铅摄入量太高而无法推导;根据G县对照区61~72、73~84月龄儿童铅暴露情况推导的土壤环境铅基准值分别为294、365 mg/kg,根据Y县对照区61~72、73~84月龄儿童铅暴露情况推导的土壤环境铅基准值分别为222、144 mg/kg。采用ALM模型推导的武汉土壤铅基准值为1 790.8 mg/kg,我国部分地区为652.8 mg/kg。结论基于ALM模型推导的武汉住宅区、我国部分地区工业或商业区的土壤铅基准值高于我国国家标准,但低于瑞士、加拿大等国家的标准值。

Objective The Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model （IE＇UBK） and the Adult Lead Model （ALM） were applied to explore the lead benchmarks for soils in China. Methods The exposure parameters of IEUBK model were localized by determining local environmental media related to children＇s lead exposure in G county and Y county. The lead contents in blood sample of female in Wuhan were measured and the literature related to blood lead were reviewed to acquire the exposure parameters of the adult lead model. Results In lead-polluted areas, the lead concentration in other media except soils were too high to calculate the benchmark level of soil lead. While in the control areas, the lead criteria values for residual land in contrl area were 294 mg/kg for 61-72 month old children, 365 mg/kg for 73-84 month in G county and 222 mg/kg for 61-72 month, 144 mg/kg for 73-84 month in Y county. Based on ALM, the lead criteria values for commercial （industrial） land were 1 790.8 mg/kg in Wuhan, 652.8 mg/kg in some areas of China. Conclusion The lead criteria values for commercial （industrial） land are higher than the Chinese national standard, but lower than the values of Canada and other countries.