戊戌时期的政治共识与改革底线——张之洞旧体新用说略论

WuXu Period's Political Recognise and Reforming Deadline of 1898——On Zhang Zhidong's “Old Learning as Fundamental Structure,New Learning for Practical Use”

戊戌时期,维新精英们提出了师法日本、实行君主立宪变革的主张,但是,开明知识分子及官僚阶层却未能就此达成共识。《万国公报》编者沈寿康主"中学为体,西学为用";洋务派官员盛宣怀"论西学为用,必以中学为体";帝党重臣翁同龢、孙家鼐主"中学为主,西学为辅";《明定国是诏》宣示"以圣贤义理之学植其根本,又须博采西学之切于时务者实力讲求"。张之洞《劝学篇》明确提出的"旧学为体,新学为用",集中反映了戊戌时期中国社会的一般舆论,代表了当时中国社会改革的政治共识及改革底线。

During the Reform Movement of 1898, the reformists advocated Constitutional Monarchy System like Japan. However, the intellectual and officials could not achieve consensus on this issue. Some scholars hold the view of ＂Chinese learning as the fundamental structure, western learning for practical use＂ ; others hold that Chinese learning must be the subject while western learning the supplement. It was Zhang Zhidong who stated clearly in his article Quan Xue Pian （Encouraging Learning） ＂the old learning as the fundamental structure, modem new learning for practical use＂ , which represented the political consensus and bottom line for reform during the reform movement of 1898.