地位束缚与生活方式转型——中国各社会阶层健康生活方式潜在类别研究

Status Constraint and Lifestyle Transition: Latent Class Analysis of Health Lifestyles among Different Social Strata in China

本研究利用中国综合社会调查数据(CGSS2010),通过多维度健康行为指标测量中国民众的健康生活方式。潜在类别分析发现,人们的生活方式呈现多元化特征,可划分为三个类别,即健康型、混合型和风险型生活方式。高社会经济地位者的生活方式呈现出健康型和风险型两端分化的特征,而低社会经济地位者的生活方式更倾向于混合型。总体上来说,中国民众的生活方式处于不断转型中,社会的上层成员由于在社会结构处于优势位置,能够作出有利于自身健康的生活方式选择,但同时也受到了西方生活方式的影响;社会下层成员则更多地受到社会结构地位的束缚。

This paper uses the China General Social Survey data( CGSS2010),which measure different dimensions of health behaviors,to analyze the health lifestyle with latent class models. The analysis finds that people's lifestyle manifests diversified characteristics,which can be divided into three latent categories,i. e.,the healthy type,the mixed type and the risky type. Further analysis reveals that individuals with higher social and economic status adopt both healthy and risky lifestyles,whereas individuals with lower social and economic status are more inclined to the mixed type oflifestyles. Overall, the lifestyle of Chinese people is undergoing continuous transformation. People from the middle-upper stratum are able to choose a lifestyle beneficial to their health,due to their advantaged position in the social structure. Yet they are also influenced by the western lifestyle. People from the lower stratum are more constrained by their disadvantaged position in the social structure.