国家自主性与文化——迈向一种文化视角的国家理论

State Autonomy and Culture: Towards a Culturalist State Theory

国家自主性是国家理论中非常重要的议题。本文批判性地回顾了不同国家理论流派对于国家自主性的理解,指出它们在不同程度上忽视了文化的重要性,倾向于将国家与社会关系理解为二元的零和博弈关系。因此,我们需要引入一种关系主义思维来化解这一倾向,将国家自主性理解为一种嵌入式自主性,而后者需要以一种带有共识论色彩的文化观为基础。在这方面,我们需要从涂尔干和葛兰西的国家理论中汲取资源,并重新思考文化的界定和分析文化影响国家自主性的具体机制。由此,本文将为一种文化视角的国家理论指明方向,并为非零和博弈的国家与社会关系提供理论可能。

State autonomy is a key issue in state theory. This article critically reviews relevant discussions concerning the state autonomy provided by different schools of state theories,pointing out that they more or less neglect the significance of culture,and tend to regard state-society relationship as a zero-sum relationship. We need to bring the relational approach to overcome this tendency, and understand state autonomy as embedded state autonomy,which is based on a consensus notion of culture. In this regards,we should draw insights from state theories of Emile Durkheim and Antonio Gramsci,and consider the definition of culture and the concrete mechanisms through which culture influences the state autonomy. This effort can pave way for a culturalist state theory, and provide a theoretical possibility of non-zero-sum state-society relationship.