民国时期北京政府对边疆民族地区的治理述论

Research on the Governance of Frontier Minority Areas by the Beijing Government during the Republic of China Period

南京临时政府成立后,选举孙中山为临时大总统,但伴随南北议和的结束,袁世凯很快接任临时政府总统,并移都北京,展开了北洋军阀集团统治的序幕。其时,虽然国内各政治力量正忙于斗争与相互妥协,但英、俄、日等对外蒙、西藏的窥伺,使边疆民族地区的危机不断攀升。在此场景之下,北京政府对边疆民族问题不得不表示关注。北京政府时期的相关法令体现了将边疆民族地区与内地平等相视的思维,设立了蒙藏事务局以管理边疆民族地区具体事务,同时组织对蒙藏等边疆民族地区的调查,创办刊物、宣传共和,为发展蒙藏等边疆民族地区的文化教育、交通、经济等做出了努力。这些举措,对维护国家领土主权的完整功不可没。然而,受北京政府时期政局混乱等客观因素的制约,北京政府对边疆民族地区的治理缺乏明确的宏远规划。

After the establishment of Nanjing provisional government, Sun Yat-sen was elected as the interim president, however, with the end of the north - south peace negotiation, Yuan Shikaisoon took over the president＇s position of the interim government and made Beijing the capital city, which means the reign of the northern warlords group began. At that time, although the domestic political forces weredeeply involved in fighting and mutual compromise, Britain, Russia, Japan and other countries＇convert on Outer Mongolia and Tibet caused the crisisofthe border areas. In this scenario, the Beijing government had to express concern about the border ethnic issues. The relevant laws enacted in the Beijing government period reflected the thought of equality between border areas and the inland.The Mongolian Tibetan affairs bureau was also established to manage the specific affairs of the frontier ethnic areas. The Beijing government also organized the research on frontier ethnic areas such as Mongolia and Tibet, set up publications,propagandized republicanism, and made efforts to develop the cultural education, transportation, economy and so on. These measures were indispensable to the preservation of the territorial integrity. However, influenced by the objective factors such as the political chaos in Beijing, the Beijing government proved lack a clear and far-sighted plan for the governance of the frontier minority areas.