犹太女性的身份认同与话语建构——关于纳粹大屠杀幸存者的性别解读

Identity and Discourse Construction of Jewish Women:A Gender Research on the Holocaust Survivors

纳粹大屠杀为犹太民族留下了难以磨灭的创伤记忆。战后初期,纳粹屠犹幸存者大多对其经历缄口不言,甚至刻意掩藏幸存者身份。自20世纪60年代开始,幸存者故事渐次进入公众视野,并建构起以犹太男性为主导的大屠杀认同与话语秩序。犹太女性则处于近乎失语的边缘状态,陷入女性与幸存者的双重身份认同焦虑中。伴随着文化女性主义的出现,犹太女性开始在历史中重新找寻认同定位,力求在后现代历史叙事中能够发声,通过书写大屠杀女性历史,形成两性对话互补的大屠杀叙事范式,以期在历史书写的性别话语场中不再缺席。

The Holocaust has left an indelible traumatic memory for the Jewish people. In the early days after the Second World War, most Holocaust survivors remained silent, and even deliberately hid the identity of survivors. Since the 1960s, the survivors＇ stories have gradually entered the public sphere and constructed the Holocaust identity and discourse order of Jewish male dominance, while Jewish women have been on the brink of aphasia and caught in the anxiety of dual identities of women and survivors. With the advent of cultur- al feminism, Jewish women begin to reconfirm their identity from the history and strive to relate their stories in the post-modern historical narratives. They attempt to formulate the Holocaust narrative paradigm of dialogue between the male and the female through writing the female history of Holocaust so as not to be absent in the discourse field of gender in the historical writing.