301份小麦种质醇溶蛋白遗传多样性及其与品质性状的相关性分析

Genetic Diversity of Gliadin in 301 Wheat Germplasms and the Relationship with Quality Properties

为探讨小麦醇溶蛋白的遗传多样性及其亚基对品质性状的影响,利用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(A-PAGE)技术对不同来源的301份小麦品种(系)的醇溶蛋白组成进行分析。结果表明,301份材料共分离出93种不同迁移率的谱带,其中迁移率为58.6、69.4、72.1、16.5和19.2的谱带出现频率最高(均高于80.0%),其余谱带的多态性相对较高。品种间遗传相似系数(GS)的变异范围为0.538~1.000,平均为0.759,中原008和中育1401的亲缘关系最近(GS值为1.0)。在GS=0.740水平上,将所有材料划分为11个类群。相关分析表明,42条谱带与106项次品质性状呈显著或极显著相关,其中谱带ω25.5、γ43.7和γ48.2可显著增加面团稳定时间、面筋指数;谱带γ52.2和α80.7可显著增加粗蛋白及干、湿面筋含量;谱带β59.2可显著提高小麦粉色泽L*值,但与b*值负相关;谱带ω34.8、ω36.6和ω39.3对面团稳定时间及面筋指数具有显著的负向效应。这些重要的醇溶蛋白谱带可作为小麦品质育种的选择标记。

In order to study the genetic diversity of gliadin and their effects on quality properties in wheat,301 wheat varieties（series） derived from different regions were used to analyze the allelic variation of gliadin by using A - PAGE. Results showed that total of 93 gliadin bands with different mobility were detected in tested materials. Moreover,five bands with the mobility of 58.6,69.4,72. 1,16.5 and 19.2 had higher present frequency, greater than 80% , and the others showed higher polymorphism. The genetic similarity（GS） ranged from 0. 538 to 1. 000, with an average of 0. 759. Furthermore, the GS value between Zhongyuan 008 and Zhongyu 1 401 was 1.0 ,which showed that their genetic relationship was very close. Tested materials could be divided into I i clusters at the level of GS = 0. 740. The results of correlation analysis showed that significant or extremely significant correlation was found between 42 bands and 106 kinds of wheat quality parameters. For example ,the bands of ω25.5 , γ43.7 and γ48. 2 could significantly increase dough stability time and gluten index;the bands of γ52. 2 and α80. 7 could significantly increase crude protein,dry and wet gluten contents;the band of 1359. 2 could significantly enhance L＊ value of flour color but reduce b ＊ value. However,the bands of ω34. 8, ω36. 6 and ω39. 3 had significantly negative correlation with dough stability time and gluten index. These important gliadin bands could provide genetic makers for wheat quality breeding.