重庆市丘陵山区绿肥机械化轻简生产实践

Mechanized and Simplified Production Practice of Green Manure in Hilly and Mountainous Areas of Chongqing City

针对高标准农田建设宜机化地块整理整治后的土壤培肥熟化问题,及近年来因过度施用化肥而导致的土壤酸化、板结等问题,重庆市通过绿肥种植试验示范,结合土壤环境保护和机械化生产技术,创新探索出了绿肥机械化轻简生产技术。其主要体现为2次机械化作业(抛撒和深松整地)完成传统生产方式中的6个作业环节(灭茬、旋耕、开沟、播种、施肥和盖种)。绿肥机械化轻简生产可减少化肥施用量,节约生产成本,保持和提高耕地质量,保护和改善生态环境,保证和提高农产品的产量及品质,促进农业的可持续发展。

In view of soil fertilization and maturity after high standard land consolidation suitable for mechanization, and soil a- cidification and compaction caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizer in recent years, through experimental demon- stration of green manure planting, and combination of soil environment protection and mechanized production technology, mech- anized and simplified production technology of green manure was first explored by agricultural machinery extension staff in Chongqing city. It mainly embodied in two mechanized operations （scatter and soil deep loosening）, and then six operations （stubble cleaning, rotary tillage, ditching, seeding, fertilizing and seed covering） of traditional production mode were re- placed. It could reduce amount of fertilizers, save production costs, maintain and improve quality of cultivated land, protect and improve ecological environment, ensure and improve yield and quality of agricuhural products, promote sustainable develop- ment of agriculture.