“地方性知识”与农村高危人群自杀行为的社会环境——一个基于田野调查的研究报告

“Local Knowledge” and Social Environment of High-Risk Groups' Suicidal Behavior in Rural Areas:A Study Based on Fieldwork

在中国人传统的观念中,自杀是公共领域之外的私人事务。但事实上,自杀并不仅是一种个人行为,它还指向复杂的社会伦理和文化逻辑,与乡风民俗、价值观念、家庭功能、社会认知等"地方性知识"密切相关。忽视自杀者的日常生活及其意义世界,并不能有效解释急剧社会变迁中的自杀现象。把自杀行为看成"社会事实",通过对农村两类自杀高危人群的特点、动机和类型分析,可以发现导致农民自杀行为的一般性因素、发生机制和个体差异。

Traditionally in China,suicide is considered to be a private matter,outside of the public domain.But in fact,it is not only apersonal behavior,but also closely related to a set of complex social moralities and cultural inferences,and as well as'local knowledge'including village customs,personal values,family roles and social understandings.It is impossible to justify suicide cases in the fast-changing society by overlooking their everyday life and'meaningful'world of the suicidal groups.We view suicidal behavior as'social reality',seeking to identify the general causes,occurrences and individual discrepancies by analyzing the characteristics,motives and forms of two high-risk suicidal groups in rural China.