叶面喷施硼钙营养对葡萄叶片生理生化特性的影响

Effects of Foliar Boron and Calcium Spraying on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Grape Leaf

以"贵妃玫瑰"葡萄为试材,于幼果期叶面喷施0.3%H_3BO_3、0.5%Ca(NO_3)_2、0.3%H_3BO_3+0.5%Ca(NO_3)_2、0.5%氨基酸钙、0.3%H_3BO_3+0.5%氨基酸钙和清水CK处理,分析叶面喷施硼钙营养对葡萄叶片生理生化特性的影响及交互作用。结果表明:B、Ca营养对各指标的影响程度不同,Ca(NO_3)_2和氨基酸钙处理的叶片生物积累量(干质量、鲜质量)、叶片Ca、K含量、叶绿素a及a/b值均显著高于其它处理,其中Ca(NO_3)_2处理的叶片Ca、K含量分别提高了7.2%和23.0%,叶绿素a含量增加了16.4%;B处理的叶片具有较高的P含量,是CK的1.74倍;而H_3BO_3+Ca(NO_3)_2和H_3BO_3+氨基酸钙处理在增加叶片干物质比例,降低叶片含水量,提高叶片B、N、Mg含量和叶绿素总量上具有明显效果,其中H_3BO_3+Ca(NO_3)_2处理的叶片B、N、Mg含量分别增加了343%、111%和19%,叶绿素总量提高了21.2%。钙素化合物形态对抗氧化酶活性影响较大,氨基酸钙处理的SOD活性较高,H_3BO_3+Ca(NO_3)_2和Ca(NO_3)_2处理的POD、CAT活性则显著高于其它处理。综上,B、Ca营养配合施用的综合效果较好,但由于外源B、Ca影响葡萄生理生化指标变化的程度存在差异,B与不同钙化合物联合应用对葡萄生理生化指标的影响上也略有不同,因此建议在葡萄生产上可根据树体管理的需要,合理的施用B、Ca营养。

To discuss the physiological and biochemical effects and interactions of exogenous B and Ca nutrition on grape growth,taking‘Guifeimeigui＇grape as the experimental material,sprayed in young fruit period with 0.3% H_3BO_3,0.5% Ca（NO_3）_2,0.3% H_3BO_3＋0.5% Ca（NO_3）_2,0.5% amino acid calcium,0.3% H_3BO_3＋0.5% amino acid calcium and treated with fresh water CK,analyzed a series of physiological and biochemical indexes.The results showed that B and Ca nutrition had different influential degrees,the biological amassing capacity（dry weight,fresh weight）,Ca and K contents,chlorophyll a and a/b values of the leaves treated with Ca（NO_3）_2 and amino acid calcium were strikingly higher than those of the leaves with other treatments,the Ca and K content of the leaves treated with Ca（NO_3）_2 increased respectively by 7.2% and 23.0% and chlorophyll a increased by 16.4%;the leaves treated with B had relatively high P content,1.74 times CK;while H_3BO_3 ＋Ca（NO_3）_2 and H_3 BO_3＋ amino acid calcium treatment showed obvious effects in increasing leaf dry material proportion,reducing leaf water content and increasing B,N,Mg contents and the total chlorophyll content,and the B,N,Mg contents of leaves treated with H_3BO_3＋Ca（NO_3）_2 increased respectively by 343%,111% and 19%,with the total chlorophyll content increasing by 21.2%.Calcium compounds forms showed great influences on antioxidant enzyme activities,SOD of amino acid calcium treatment was relatively high,and POD and CAT activities values of H_3BO_3＋Ca（NO_3）_2 and Ca（NO_3）_2 treatments were significantly higher than those of other treatments.In summary,the comprehensive effects of the combined application of B and Ca nutrition were quite good,but since the physiological and biochemical impacts of exogenous B and Ca on grapes vary and so does that of the combined application of B and different calcium compounds.It suggested that the B and Ca nutrition should be properly applied based on the management demands of grape trees and production.