西方民族主义理论在中国的早期传播与影响

Spread and Influence of Western Nationalism Theory in Early Twentieth Century China

20世纪初年,民族主义之风鼓荡于中国,其理论渊源来自于西方,以法国为代表的强调公民理性联合的民族主义、以德国为代表强调共同族群文化信仰的民族主义尤有影响。其影响下,中国近代早期民族主义理论探讨中出现了民权民族主义与国家民族主义、大民族主义与小民族主义、文化民族主义与反传统民族主义等不同的主张。这些思考奠定了未来中国关于民族主义思考的框架,后世出现的国家民族主义的盛行、多民族一体格局的成形、反传统民族主义的持续及文化民族主义的曲折等,都可见其历史影响。

In the early twentieth century,nationalism,which originated from western countries,spread rapidly in China.Two highly influential theories on nationalism were：civil nationalism from France,which focused on citizenship,and cultural nationalism from Germany,which emphasized common culture and faith in the same ethnic group.Under the influence of these western theories,more ideas of nationalism emerged,such as civil nationalism and state nationalism,multi-ethnic nationalism and single-ethnic nationalism,cultural nationalism and anti-tradition nationalism.These ideas provided a framework for later research on nationalism.The prevalence of state nationalism,the pluralistic integral pattern of different ethnic groups in China,the duration of anti-tradition nationalism,and the vicissitude of cultural nationalism henceforth all showed profound historical influence of these ideas.