阿坝州农牧区1881例妇女常见病现状以及影响因素

Status and influencing factors of common diseases of 1881 women in agricultural and pastoral areas in Aba prefecture1

目的了解阿坝州农牧区妇女常见病发病情况,分析探讨相关影响因素,为提高当地妇女健康水平,促进妇女常见病防控工作提供参考依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,在阿坝州7个县抽取1881名18~60岁有性生活史的妇女进行问卷调查与妇女常见病普查,了解阴道炎、慢性宫颈炎、盆腔炎以及阴道膨出等妇女常见病的患病情况,并运用χ2检验分析影响妇女患上述疾病的主要因素。结果阿坝州农牧区妇女常见病总体患病率为72.62%,其中阴道炎患病率最高(53.38%),其次为慢性宫颈炎(18.29%)及阴道膨出(12.92%)。牧区总体患病率明显高于农区(P<0.001)。农牧区妇女个人卫生习惯总体较差,且在产褥期得不到充分休息,与农区相比,这种现象在牧区更为严重(P<0.001)。产后休息时间为阴道膨出的影响因素,产后休息>1个月者阴道膨出检出率明显低于休息<1个月者(P<0.001)。洗澡频率、清洗外阴频率、平时是否穿内裤以及产后休息时间为阴道炎的影响因素,每周洗澡、清洗外阴者阴道炎检出率明显低于1周以上洗澡或清洗外阴者,平时穿内裤者阴道炎发生率明显低于不穿内裤者,产后休息时间>1个月者阴道炎检出率明显低于休息时间<1个月者(P<0.001)。经期使用卫生巾以及产后休息时间为慢性宫颈炎的影响因素,经期使用卫生巾者慢性宫颈炎检出率明显低于不使用卫生巾者,而产后休息时间>1个月及以上者慢性宫颈炎检出率明显低于<1个月者(P<0.001)。结论阿坝州农牧区妇女常见病患病率较高,个人卫生习惯以及产褥期休息情况是影响当地妇女常见病的主要因素,应通过宣传教育等措施促进阿坝州农牧区,特别是牧区的妇女改善个人卫生习惯,加强产后休息,以降低阿坝州农牧区妇女常见疾病发病率。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of common diseases among women in the agricultural and pastoral areas of Aba Prefecture, and to analysis the associated influencing factors, in order to improve the health level of local women and provide a reference to improve the implement of prevention and control of women＇ s common disease. Methods A total of 1881 women aged 18- 60 years old from 7 counties in Aba Prefecture were recruited through a multistage stratified random sampling method. Questionnaire and clinical pelvic examination were used to survey the prevalence of vaginitis, chronic cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and vaginal bulge. Chi-square test was employed to analysis the influencing factors for above diseases. Results The total prevalence of common disease among women in the agricultural and pastoral areas of Aba was 72.62%. The prevalence of vaginitis was highest （53.38%）. The following was chronic cervicitis and vaginal bulge. The prevalence of them was 18.29% and 12.92%, respectively. The total prevalence of common diseases among women in pastoral areas was significantly higher than in agricultural areas. The situation of personal hygiene and postpartum rest among women in these two areas was not optimistic. This phenomenon was more serious in pastoral areas （ P 〈 0. 001 ）. The time of postpartum rest was the influencing factor of vaginal bulge. The prevalence of vaginal bulge among women who rest for more than 1 months after birth was significantly lower than less than 1 month （P 〈0.001 ）. The frequency of bathing and cleaning vulva, whether usually wearing underwear, and the time of postpartum rest were the influencing factors of vaginitis. The prevalence of vaginitis among women who bath and clean vulva every week was significantly lower than more than one week. The prevalence of vaginitis among women who ware underwear was significantly lower than un-ware. The orevalence of vaginitis among women who rest for more than 1 months after birth was significantly lower than less than 1 month （P 〈 O. 001 ）. Using sanitary napkins during menstrual period and the time of postpartum rest were the influencing factor of chronic cervicitis. The prevalence of chronic cervicitis among women who use sanitary napkins during menstrual period was significantly lower than nonuse （ P 〈 O. 001 ）. The prevalence of chronic cervicitis among women who rest for more than 1 months after birth was significantly lower than less than 1 month （ P 〈 O. 001 ）. Conclusion The prevalence of common diseases among women agricultural and pastoral areas in Aba Prefecture was higher. The situation of personal hygiene and postpartum rest were the main influencing factors to women＇ s common diseases in these areas. In order to reduce the incidence of women＇ s common diseases, it is necessary to strengthen propaganada and health education to improve the situation of personal hygiene and postpartum rest among women in these areas, especially in pastoral areas.