学龄前儿童神经精神发育状况与家庭饮食行为关系探讨

Relationship between preschool children's neuro-psychological development and family dietary behavior

目的分析城乡学龄前(38~66月龄)儿童的神经精神发育状况与家庭饮食行为的关系。方法进行儿童年龄与发育进程评估和自制家庭饮食行为问卷调查,通过现场讲解和受过培训的学生帮助家长完成问卷,应用SPSS 22.0软件分析影响因素。结果测试年龄与发育进程问卷:第三版(ASQ-3)低于界值者占15.1%(36/239);测试年龄与发育进程问卷:社交-情绪(ASQ-Se)高于界值、需要进一步关注者占23.8%(57/239)。ASQ-Se结果与ASQ-3结果进行直线相关回归分结果显示ASQ-3的沟通、精细动作和个人-社会测试分数越高,ASQ-Se结果越好(P值分别为0.006、0.031、0.023)。ASQ-3的精细动作结果越好,其进餐速度就越快(P=0.014)。每天玩电子产品时间越长(P<0.01)、每天运动时间越少(P=0.014)、父亲文化程度越低(P<0.01),ASQ-Se总分越低、越需要专科干预。结论儿童神经精神发育ASQ-3和ASQ-Se监测有利于早期识别儿童发育迟缓或偏差问题,给予早期干预和特殊教育。良好的儿童家庭饮食行为对于儿童神经精神发育有显著的促进作用,如减少电子产品的使用、增加运动时间、培养良好的进餐行为,有利于改善儿童ASQ-3和ASQ-Se的监测结果,为儿童早期神经精神健康发展保驾护航。

Objective To analyze the relationship between neuro-psychological development and family dietary behavior of preschool children （38 months -66 months） in urban and rural areas in Xiamen. Method The Ages ＆ Stages Questionnaires： Social- Emotional （ASQ-SE） and a made-up family eating behavior questionnaire were used to evaluate children＇ s neuro-psychological development and their family dietary behavior by parents with the help of trained students from Xiamen University. SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results Children whose ASQ -3 value below the dividing value was accounted for 15.1% （36/239）; and whose ASQ-Se value above the dividing value was accounted for 23.8% （57/239）. Linear correlation regression analysis of the result of ASQ-3 and ASQ-Se showed that, children who did better at communication, motor skills and individual-social test got better score in ASQ-Se （P value was 0. 006,0.031,0. 023respectively）. Children who did better at motor skills ate more faster （P = 0. 014）. Children who played electronic products longer（ P 〈 0. O1 ）, who exercised less（ P = O. 014）and whose father had lower educational level（P 〈 0.01 ）, had lower score in ASQ-Se. Conclusion Children＇ s neuro-psychological development monitoring by ASQ-3 and ASQ-Se is helpful for early identification of children＇ s stunting or deviation problem, and giving early intervention and special education. Family eating behavior has a significant impact on children＇ s neuro-psychological development. Reducing the use of electronic products, increasing exercise and establishing good eating habits are helpful to improve children＇ s ASQ-3 and ASQ-Se monitoring results, to escort the children＇ s physical and mental health development.