我国高考改革的价值取向变迁与理性选择--基于40年高考招生政策文本分析的视角

The Evolution and Rational Choice of Value Orientation of China's College Entrance Examination Reform——Text Analysis of the Policies in the Past 40 Years

恢复高考40年来,我国高考改革的价值取向变迁体现在:选拔标准从知识本位走向能力本位,重视全面发展;考试科目从零散、分科走向融合,强调能力立意;考试方式从单一走向多元,注重综合评价;招生录取从效率优先到更加注重公平,实施阳光工程;招生计划从质量优先走向综合考量,实施政策补偿。高考改革具有渐进性和连续性的特点,呈现出注重科学性、自主性、选择性和公平性的基本价值取向,经历了迂回曲折的发展过程。经济社会和教育发展宏观环境的变化,各利益相关者不断增加与分化的利益诉求,对高考招生制度的科学性与公平性提出的变革需求,成为高考改革的动力机制。新一轮高考改革的价值选择,应遵循教育规律,回归高考基本功能;坚持与时俱进,平衡多元价值取向;加强科学决策,正确引导社会舆论。

In the past 40 years, reflected in the change of selection examination subjects have changed the change of value orientation of the college entrance examination reform has been criteria from knowledge oriented to the ability oriented and overall development. The from scattered division to integration, emphasizing the conception of ability. The test methods have changed from single to multiple, focusing on comprehensive evaluation. The enrollment has changed from efficiency to fairness by implementing the sunshine project. The enrollment plan has changed from quality priority to comprehensive consideration by implementing compensation policy. The reform of college entrance examination has the characteristics of gradual and continuous, showing the scientific, autonomous, selective and fair features of basic value orientation. The reform has experienced the development process with many twists and turns. The change of social and educational development of macroeconomic environment, the increasing and differentiated interests of various stakeholders, and the demands for a scientific and fair enrollment system have become the dynamic mechanism. The new round of college entrance examination reform should follow the basic laws of education, return to the basic function of the college entrance examination, balance the multiple value orientations, focus on scientific and rational decision, and guide the rational direction of public opinion.