我国学前教育公益普惠指数建构与测评

Construction and Evaluation of Public Welfare Index of Preschool Education in China

坚持公益普惠是发展学前教育的基本原则。学前教育公益普惠指数反映的是不同时间或空间范围内学前教育公益普惠变动方向和变动程度的相对数。学前教育公益普惠指数包括普及面、受惠量、教育质量三个维度,三个维度可以通过学前三年毛入园率、学前教育财政性经费占学前教育总经费的比例、生均学前教育经费、师生比四个具体指标来表达。运用科学、适切的无量纲化、确定权重和合成指数的方法,对我国学前教育公益普惠指数进行测评,结果显示,全国学前教育的公益普惠指数总体有所提升,但整体水平还较低;学前教育的公益普惠指数低于基础教育其他阶段的公益普惠指数;城乡间学前教育的公益普惠指数差距较大。

To make sure that all people get benefit from public welfare is the basic principle in preschool education development. Public welfare index of preschool education is the relative number reflecting the changing direction and degree of public welfare in preschool education in different time or space. Public welfare index of preschool education has three dimensions including popularization, benefit amount and education quality. The three dimensions can be expressed by four indicators： gross enrolment ratio, the proportion of financial funds, students＂ average expenditure, and teacher-student ratio. By using scientific and appropriate dimensionless, weights of indicators and synthetic index method, the public welfare index is evaluated. It is found that the level of public welfare index of preschool education has improved, but the overall level is low; the public welfare index of preschool education is lower than those of other stages of elementary education; there is a big gap between urban and rural public welfare index of preschool education.