高空抛物侵权的困境与出路

Dilemma and Outlet of the High-altitude Parabolic Infringement

高空抛物侵权存在两个特点,即侵权行为人的不确定性和侵权行为人所在范围的确定性,也就是说,侵权行为人"远在天边,近在眼前"。这两个特点使得《侵权责任法》对此类侵权不能不管又无法可管。当正义的价值观失灵时,便需要诉诸效率的价值观。通过对《侵权责任法》的经济分析,无论是由受害人承担责任,还是由可能侵权人承担责任,都不利于事故成本的减少,只有当把责任归咎于物业管理者的时候,才能在经济上实现最优,并且由物业管理者承担责任也有法可依,是其管理和服务义务的体现;当不存在物业管理者时,由高层建筑物的共有人承担责任也比由可能侵权人承担责任更加合理。

There are two characteristics of the high-altitude parabolic infringement, the uncertainty of the tortfeasor and the certainty of the scope of the tortfeasor, which is to say, the tortfeasor is ＂seemingly far away, actually close at hand＂. It is these two characteristics that make the Tort Law so that such infringe- ment cannot be managed. When the value of justice fails, it will need to resort to the efficiency of the val- ues. through the economic analysis of the Tort Law, whether by the victim or by the possible tortfeasor responsibility, are not conducive to the reduction of accident costs, only when the responsibility Blame the property manager, in order to achieve the best in the economy, and by the property manager is also responsible for the law, is its management and service rights and obligations of the embodiment. When there is no property manager, the responsibility of the co-owner of the high-rise building is more likely to be more reasonable to the responsibility of the infringer.