俄国政治文化探源

The Source of Russian Political Culture

政治文化是一个民族在特定时期流行的政治态度、政治信仰和感情;它是无形的、潜在的,但在政治活动中常常起着重要作用。俄国政治文化传统是一个复杂的混合体,其内在特质可以用艾森斯塔德概括的"帝国"特征加以描述。在俄罗斯帝国形成的过程中,东斯拉夫民族古老的村社组织给俄国下层人民埋下了服从专制统治种子;历代俄国统治者对东正教的接受、利用和统辖,使"君权神授"的观念深入人心,并赋予俄国人以超越性的世界精神;对蒙古人的臣服、学习和斗争,以及对金帐汗国政治遗产的继承,使莫斯科公国崛起的同时,也强化了俄国上层通过武力征服世界的扩张意识。

Political culture is the current pohtical attitude, belief and emotion that a nation holds in a particular period. Despite being invisible and potential, it plays a very important role in political activities. As a complex mixture, Russian political culture tradition can be described with the imperial characters summarized by Eisenstadt. In the establishment of Russia Empire, the East Slavic village social organizations set a tyranny tradition for the roughscuff, and the Oahodox Eastern Church under the control of Russian ruler planted the belief of divine right deep in people＇ s heart. With the acceptation and mutual transformation of Russian people and the Orthodox, Russian people gained a transcendent World Spirit. Meanwhile, the Mongolian Conquer and the Golden Horde＇s political legacy strengthened the desire of military expansion into Russian upper strata, especially when the Grand Duchy of Moscow rose abruptly on them.