由《博物志》中引文看司马迁生年的纷争

Controversy over Sima Qian's Year of Birth Based on Bo Wu Zhi

对司马迁的生年,学界目前主要有两种观点:王国维认为司马迁生于公元前145年,其证据出于西晋张华的《博物志》;郭沫若主张司马迁生于公元前135年。对此问题眼下还没有一个公允的认识。王国维所据《博物志》是推考司马迁生年的唯一原始资料,也是司马贞、张守节共同依据的史料。故《博物志》中的材料真伪就至为关键。通过对《博物志》引文与原文的对比分析,可以考察王国维引用材料来源的真实可靠性,为佐证司马迁生年提供理论依据。

There are two views about Sima Qian＇s year of birth in the academic circle： Wang Guowei insists that Sima Qian was born before 145 B. C. with his proof from Zhang Hua＇s Bo Wu Zhi ; Guo Moruo argues that Sima Qian was born before 135 B.C. No agreement has been reached about this problem so far. Bo Wu Zhi is thought to be the only original material for reckoning Sima Qian＇s year of birth, which is used by Sima Zheng and Zhang Shoujie, therefore, the identification of its authenticity is very important. The comparative analysis of its quoted and original texts can identify the reliability and authenticity of Wang Guowei＇s quoted materials and provide theoretical basis for backing the evidence about Sima Qian＇s year of birth.