从清代“百夷译语”对音材料看德宏傣语塞擦音的发展

An Analysis of Affricative Evolution of Dehong Tai Based on “Baiyi Yiyu” in Qing Dynasty

在用云南官话记录清代初期德宏傣语的《芒市译语》《南甸译语》《干崖译语》《猛卯译语》中,注音汉字与今傣语塞擦音的对音情况为:云南官话/t■/对应傣语[ts],云南官话/ts/对应傣语[t]。这种对音关系的形成不是偶然的,我们推测清代初期德宏傣语的塞擦音存在两种变体形式,一种为典型的舌尖前[ts],另一种舌尖靠后近似[t■],前者在现代德宏傣语中腭化为舌面音[t],后者则由于省音而成为靠前的舌尖塞擦音[ts]。

Mangshi Yiyu 芒市译语 , Nandian Yiyu 南甸译语 , Ganya Yiyu 干崖译语 , Mengmao Yiyu 猛卯译语 used Yunnan Mandarin to record Dehong Dai in early Qing Dynasty. In these materials, the affricative corresponding phenome- non between Yunnan Mandarin and Tai represented by Chinese characters was Yunnan Mandarin/ts versus Tai[ ts] and Yunnan Mandarin/ts/versus Tai [tc]. This corresponding phenomenon was not casual. We infer that Tai in early Qing Dynasty had two allophones. One was [ ts ], which palatalized to [ tc ] ; the other was [ ts ], which changed to [ts ].