我国畜禽内脏食用安全指标检测分析

Detection and analysis of edible safety of livestock and poultry viscera in China

目的了解我国食用畜禽内脏的重金属污染和药物残留情况。方法随机抽检全国29个省/市/自治区/兵团市场上销售的772份畜禽内脏样品,并采用国家标准检测方法对重金属污染物(铅、镉、总汞、总砷和铜)和违禁药物(克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇、金刚烷胺和硝基呋喃类)残留情况进行检测分析,同时根据评价标准进行判定。结果 327份猪肝脏样品中,镉、铅、总汞、总砷、铜的超标率分别为2.14%、0.61%、3.98%、1.22%、6.12%,克伦特罗和沙丁胺醇的检出率分别为0.61%和0.31%;84份猪心脏样品中,镉、铅和总汞的超标率分别为3.57%、2.38%和5.95%;88份猪肾脏样品中总汞超标率为11.36%;43份猪肠、32份猪胃中镉超标率分别为2.33%和3.13%。71份鸡肫中镉、总汞和总砷的超标率分别为5.63%、7.04%、21.13%;69份鸡肝脏、31份鸡心脏中总汞超标率分别为11.59%、22.58%;鸭肫的重金属含量与药物残留情况均未发现不合格样品。结论我国畜禽内脏制品重金属污染比例相对较高,存在一定的食品安全风险。

Objective To understand the contaminations of heavy metals and antiviral drug residues in livestock and poultry viscera in China. Methods A total of 772 specimens were randomly sampled from the markets in 29 provinces （municipalities/autonomous/formation regions） of China. According to national standard detection methods, contents of heavy metal contaminants （lead, cadmium, total mercury, total arsenic and copper, etc.） and antiviral drug residues （amantadine, nitrofurans drug, clenbuterol, salbutamol and ractopamine） were detected and evaluated by national criteria. Results Among 327 pig liver samples, the exceeded rates of cadmium, lead, total mercury, total arsenic and copper were 2.14%, 0.61%, 3.98%, 1.22% and 6.12%, respectively. The detection rates of clenbuterol and salbutamol were 0.61% and 0.31%, respectively. Among 84 pig heart samples, the exceeded rates of cadmium, lead and total mercury were 3.57%, 2.38% and 5.95%, respectively. Among 88 pig kidney samples, the exceeded rate of total mercury was 11.36%. Among 43 pork tripe and 32 chitterlings samples, the exceeded rates of cadmium were 2.33% and 3.13%. Among 71 chicken gizzards samples, the exceeded rates of cadmium, total mercury and total arsenic were 5.63%, 7.04% and 21.13%, respectively. Among 769 chicken livers and 31 chicken hearts samples, the exceeded rates of total mercury were 11.59% and 22.58%, respectively Duck gizzard products were qualified. Conclusion Some of edible visceral meat are contaminated by heavy metals in China. The proportion of heavy metals contaminations in livestock and poultry viscera products in China is relatively high, which exists a certain risk of food safety.