校园欺凌的真相——基于学龄儿童健康行为国际调查报告的分析

The Truth of the School Bullying:An Analyses Based on the International Reports of the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children

世界卫生组织视校园欺凌为有碍学龄儿童健康的一种风险行为,将其纳入"学龄儿童健康行为"国际合作研究项目。2001-2014年对数十个国家和地区近80万少年学生的问卷调查显示,校园欺凌在全球范围内是一种普遍的现象。但本世纪以来少年学生在校受欺负的比率呈下降趋势,表明各地校园欺凌的严峻形势日趋缓和。校园欺凌存在地域特征和国际差异。就欧洲而言,校园欺凌最严重的地区是东欧,最轻微的地区是南欧和北欧;最严重的国家学生受欺负率是最轻微国家的6倍。校园欺凌集中暴发于少年期并且呈现年龄特征,学生在11-13岁受欺负的比率达到峰值,此后随年龄增长而急剧下降,总体而言多数少年学生从15岁起会逐渐摆脱同伴欺凌的困扰。校园欺凌还存在性别差异,男生受欺负的比率总的来说高于女生,但是这种性别差异随着年龄增长不断缩小,甚至发生逆转。

Bully is defined by the World Health Organization as a kind of riskbehavior to the health of the school-aged children and had been taken to be explored in an international projectnamed the Health Behavior in School-aged Children. The investigation to the 800,000 students from more than 40 countries and regions in 2013-14 implicated that bully is very prevalent in global schools. But the down trend of the bullying victimization＇s radiation in the late decade years indicates a relaxed tendency of the school situation.Furthermore,the findings show that the prevalence of bully varies substantially among countries and regions. In the European continent, the most seriousprevalence of bully is happened in the East Europe and the most slightly in the South and North Europe. The radiation of bullying victimization in the most serious countryis 6 times to the slightest one.The findings also show the age effect was significant in many countries and regions, in which levels were peaked at 11-13 and then decreased over age. Most teenagers can get rid of the suffering of bully gradually over 15 years old. Gender differences were seen in almost all countries and regions, with boys bullying more. But such gender differences will disappear over age and girls can even be seen bullying more.