方言地图九幅——“伯父”“伯母”等亲属称谓在苏皖沪的地理分布

Nine Dialect Maps:Geographical Distributions of Kinship Terms("Father's Elder Brother" and his Wife etc.)in Jiangsu,Anhui Provinces and Shanghai

文章旨在以地图形式保存上世纪80年代鲁国尧先生搜集的苏皖沪两省一市境内216地点所见的亲属称谓形式。第1图是根据各幅地图归纳下来的方言分区地图,第2图至第7图描绘"伯父""叔父""父亲""伯母""叔母""母亲"等六种亲属称谓的地理分布(主要表示中心语的种类)。第8图和第9图是"系统地图",分别综合"伯父""叔父""父亲"三种男性亲属称谓及"伯母""叔母""母亲"三种女性亲属称谓。正文是解说,着重说明按语素为单位的词形分析的方法、系统分类的原则,最后讨论汉语亲属称谓的特点及其变化的原因。

Based on the dialect data collected by Professor Lu Guoyao in the 1980s, this paper exhibits nine dialect maps within the domain of Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces and Shanghai City. Maps 2 to 7 illustrate the geographical distribution of six patrilineal kinship terms, comprising ＇father＇s elder brother＇, ＇father＇s younger brother＇, ＇father＂ and their wives. Maps 8 and 9 illustrate the ＂kinship term systems＇, which are classified according to the correspondences between the kinship categories and the head components of kinship forms, such as ye, die, ba, niang and ma. Map 1 represents the result of dialect demarcation based on the observation of the eight maps mentioned above. The maps are preceded by the commentary. It particularly describes the method of morpheme-based analysis and the principles of classifying the kinship term systems. Finally, the author discusses some linguistic and extra-linguistic factors which contributed to the historical change of Chinese kinship terms.