农地流转制度对农户耕地质量保护行为的影响——基于湖南省田野调查的实证研究

Influence of the farmland transfer institution on farmers' behaviors of cultivated land quality protection:an empirical study of the fields in Hunan Province

农户耕地质量保护行为主要包括土壤培肥行为和对弱质耕地的改造行为等,这些农业生产投入和经营行为都有利于耕地质量水平的提升。农地流转制度是中国农地产权制度的重要创新,它是现阶段农户耕地质量保护行为的重要影响因素,二者关系的研究结果对完善耕地质量保护视角的农地流转制度体系建设具有非常重要的意义。本文分析了农地流转制度对农户耕地质量保护行为的影响效应、影响路径及发生机制等内在机理,采用湖南省13个地市的田野调研数据通过建立Logit模型和Tobit模型对该理论进行了验证。结果显示:在农地流转市场化建设初期阶段,农户在转入地上实施更少的耕地质量保护行为,但随着流转市场化程度的深入和完善,转入地农户耕地质量保护行为会有所增加;家庭特征如人口数和地块特征如细碎化程度等对农户的耕地质量保护有一定的影响效应;政府补贴对农户耕地质量保护行为有显著的正面促进作用。针对该研究结果,本文提出政策建议:积极落实和推进农地流转制度建设和市场化建设进程;对农户的耕地质量保护行为给予补贴或奖励;建立健全耕地质量保护的惩罚制度体系等。

Farmers＇ cultivated quality protection behavior mainly contains the soil fertility improvement behaviors and the weak cultivated land reformation behaviors. These behaviors will help to improve the quality of cultivated land. The farmland transfer institution is one of the most important rural land property system innovations in China, which plays an important role in the quality of cultivated land. From the perspective of cultivated land protection, studies on the relationship between the two behaviors will be important for the construction of farmland transfer institution system. The article examines how the farmland transfer institution exactly affects the farmers＇ behaviors of cultivated land quality protection, the performance effects, the influence paths and the generative mechanism. At the same time, the Logit model and the Tobit model are established to verify these theories by using survey data covering 13 prefecture-level cities in Hunan Province. The result shows that in the initial construction stage of farmland transfer market, farmers will exhibit less quality protection behaviors in the transferred cultivated land, but with the development of the transferred land market, the farmers will improve their cultivated land quality protection behaviors. The result also reveals that the family characteristic variables （such as the number of family members）and land characteristic variables （such as the fragmentation）have a certain influence on the behavior of cultivated land quality protection. In addition, the government＇ s subsidies have a significant positive effect on land protection. Evidence from this study suggests that we should enhance the construction of farmland transfer system and the process of market construction actively, subsidize or reward the farmers＇ behavior of cultivated land quality protection, and improve the punishment system of the cultivated land quality protection.