哲学中的可设想性论证及其限度

Conceivability Arguments and Their Limits

以僵尸论证为代表的可设想性论证在当代哲学中有着广泛的应用,但是对这种论证方式不加限制的使用造成很多哲学观点之间的争论。一种为可设想性论证设立限制条件的原则是:一个主体设想的内容所得出的可能性与另一个主体设想的内容所得出的可能性具有相同程度的确定性,当且仅当,就设想内容而言,这两个主体达成共鸣。共鸣的三个核心要素是:感同身受和设身处地;摆脱偏见和私欲以及避免无知和冲动;从二阶想象坍塌为一阶想象乃至从高阶想象坍塌为低阶想象。根据主体内的限制原则,可以构造三种反驳僵尸论证的方案:对立主体方案、异世主体方案以及理想主体方案。从社会建构论出发,共鸣的三个核心要素分别体现为因果具身性、集体意向性以及社会约定性。

Conceivability arguments such as zombie argument have been widely used in contemporary philosophy,but unrestricted use of such arguments has led to fierce debates among various philosophical claims.A limitation principle for conceivability arguments is as follows:the possibility entailed from the content that subject A imagines is certain to the same degree as the possibility entailed from the content that subject B imagines,if and only if,A and B reach resonance concerning the imagined content.Resonance involves three elements:the development of empathy,the elimination of prejudice and the collapse of higher-order imagination.According to the limitation principle within one single subject,zombie argument can be refuted by three ways:an opposite subject,a distant subject,and an ideal subject.Resonance is a social concept,and its three elements can be further explained as causal embodiment,collective intentionality and social convention.