固液混合推进石蜡燃料的性质及燃烧性能研究

Study on Properties and Combustion Performance of Paraffin Fuels for Hybrid Rocket Propulsion

石蜡燃料具有高退移速率和低成本的特性,是理想的固液混合推进剂燃料。为了研究不同石蜡燃料的性质对燃烧性能的影响规律,针对54#,58#,62#和66#4种粗晶石蜡和58#,60#,70#和90#4种微晶石蜡开展了粘度分析和TG-DSC热分析,并利用高速摄影法测试了8种石蜡在氧气流中的燃烧性能。研究结果表明:8种石蜡燃料的退移速率与氧气质量密流之间均满足幂函数关系,幂函数系数分别为0.0521±0.0012,0.0479±0.0008,0.0444±0.0010,0.0394±0.0007,0.0459±0.0009,0.0411±0.0008,0.0385±0.0011和0.0247±0.0007。石蜡的燃烧特性受粘度和熔点的影响很大,熔点越高,其退移速率越低;石蜡熔化液体的粘度越低,其退移速率越高。8种石蜡燃料的平均退移速率分别比HTPB燃料的退移速率高196%,171%,159%,141%,156%,146%,125%和48%。

Paraffin is an ideal solid fuel for hybrid rocket owing to the characteristics of high regression rate and low cost. In order to get a better understanding of the effects of different paraffin fuels on the combustion per- formance, the viscosity and TG-DSC thermal analysis of macrocrystalline paraffins （named number 54, 58, 62 and 66） and microcrystalline paraffins （named number 58, 60, 70 and 90） were carried out, and their combus- tion performance in oxygen flow were measured by a high-speed photography. The results showed that the rela- tionship between regression rate and oxidizer mass flux of eight kinds of paraffin fuels can be described by a pow- er function, and the regresstion coefficients were 0.0521 ± 0.0012, 0.0479± 0.0008, 0.0444 ± 0.0010, 0.0394 ± 0.0007, 0.0459±0.0009, 0.0411±0.0008, 0.0385±0.0011 and 0.0247±0.0007, respectively. Combustion perfor- mances of paraffin fuels were greatly influenced by the viscosity and the melting point of the paraffin, the higher the melting point, the lower the regression rate, and the regression rate increased with the decrease of the vis- cosity of the paraffin melting liquid. The average regression rate of eight kinds of paraffin fuels were about 196%, 171%, 159%, 141%, 156%, 146%, 125% and 48% higher than that of HTPB fuel, respectively.