2011-2015年抚州市乙肝流行趋势与流行特征分析

Analysis of the epidemiological trends and characteristics of hepatitis B in Fuzhou from 2011 to 2015

目的分析2011-2015年抚州市乙肝流行趋势与流行病学特征,为乙肝疫情的控制提供科学依据。方法对2011-2015年抚州市乙肝疫情资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2011-2015年抚州市乙肝年均发病率为72.63/10万,发病率呈上升趋势(χ2=257.282,P<0.01),发病率年均增长速度为11.90%。高发病区依次为黎川县、南城县、南丰县、宜黄县和金溪县。报告病例以20~59岁居多,占85.08%。男、女性别比为3.27∶1,男、女性的发病率分别为107.32/10万和35.31/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ2=3 533.265,P<0.01),男、女性发病率均呈上升趋势(χ2值分别为138.046和149.776,P<0.01)。患者以农民、从事家务及待业为主,其中农民发病构成比呈下降趋势(χ2=20.128,P<0.01),家务及待业患者构成比呈上升趋势(χ2=50.056,P<0.01)。结论抚州市乙肝预防与控制工作重点在农村,农民、家务及待业者为主要风险人群,因此应加强对该人群的健康教育,提高乙肝防治认知水平,同时提高乙肝疫苗接种率,控制乙肝的流行。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological trends and characteristics of hepatitis B in Fuzhou from 2011 to2015 in order to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of hepatitis B. Methods Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze data on hepatitis B in Fuzhou from 2011 to 2015. Results The average annual incidence of hepatitis B was 72.63/100,000 in Fuzhou from 2011 to 2015.Incidence tended to increase（χ~2=257.282,P〈0.01）.Incidence tended to increase 11.90% annually.The 5 counties or districts with the highest incidence rate were Lichuan County（117.94/100 000）,Nancheng County（104.03/100 000）,Nanfeng County（100.49/100 000）,Yihuang County（85.49/100 000）and Jinxi County（73.78/100 000）.Of the reported cases of hepatitis B,85.08%involved individuals between20 and 59 years of age,and the male-female ratio of infected individuals was 3.27：1.The incidence rate among males was107.32/100,000 and the incidence rate among females was 35.31/100 000;the incidence rate differed significantly by sex（χ^2=3 533.265,P〈0.01）.The incidence rates among males and females both tended to increase（χ^2 values were138.046 and 149.776,respectively,P〈0.01）.Most patients were farmers,homemakers,and the unemployed.The proportion of farmers tended to decrease（χ^2=20.128,P〈0.01）,and the proportion of homemakers and the unemployed tended to increase（χ^2=50.056,P〈0.01）. Conclusion Prevention and control of hepatitis B has focused on the countryside.Farmers,homemakers,and the unemployed were high-risk groups.To control the prevalence of hepatitis B,health education should be enhanced to improve the level of awareness of hepatitis B and the rate of vaccination should be increased.