基于个体行为的城市居民就医空间及规划思考--以广州中心城区为例

REFLECTIONS ON SPACE OF MEDICAL SERVICE FOR URBAN RESIDENTS AND ITS PLANNING BASED ON INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR: A CASE STUDY OF CENTRAL DISTRICT OF GUANGZHOU

基于微观个体行为的城市公共服务消费空间研究,有助于从需求角度审视公共服务设施配置的有效性及公平性。以广州中心城区为例,通过问卷调查数据系统探讨转型期城市居民的医疗服务消费空间特征,结果表明:广州城市居民对公立和民营医疗服务消费的可接受距离差异显著,医疗消费出行空间随年龄增加呈先增后减变化趋势,较高收入和受教育水平的城市居民医疗消费空间更大,且外来人口比户籍居民出行距离更远,出行方式选择是医疗消费空间差异的关键。总体上看,转型期中国城市居民医疗服务消费行为具有显著的空间分异特征,形成了三带四圈层的空间结构模式。因此基于需求导向视角,要求城市医疗服务设施配置逐步完善城市居民基本医疗消费空间的混合供给、提升一般医疗消费空间服务品质、提高重要医疗消费空间利用效率和凸显关键医疗消费空间服务特色,共同促进城市医疗服务的公平及有效供给。

The research of the space features of urban public services consumption based on the micro-individual behavior would help to examine the rationality and equality of the provision of urban public services. This paper analyzes the space features of medical services consumption in cities amid transition based on the questionnaire data of the central district of Guangzhou. The results show that to urban residents in Guangzhou, significant difference exists between the acceptable distances to the public and the private medical services; the travel distance to medical service consumption shows a tendency of first rising then dropping together with the age growth; the medical service consumption space for urban residents with higher income and of higher education level is bigger; compared to residents with registered permanent residence, the travel distance of migrant residents is longer; the choice of travel mode is the key for the difference in medical service consumption space. Generally speaking, during the transition period, there is significant spatial differentiation features in the medical service consumption behaviors of urban residents in China, which forms a spatial structure pattern of three-belt-four-circle. Therefore, based on the demand-oriented perspective, efforts should be put into gradually realizing mixed provision of fundamental medical service consumption spaces for urban residents, promoting the quality of regular medical service consumption space, raising the using efficiency of important medical service consumption space and highlighting the characteristics of key medical service consumption space, so as to jointly facilitate the fair and effective provision of medical services in city.