梁章钜《退庵论文》的文笔骈散之辨及其意义

The Style Discrimination of Parallel Prose and Prose inTuian Essays by Liang Zhangju and Its Significance

梁章钜《退庵论文》重提六朝"文笔之辨",厘清"文"之内涵,意在提高骈文地位,批驳古文家穷经注史、远离文之本质、贬低骈文的观点。较之阮元尊体骈文、否定古文为"文"的矫枉过正,梁章钜通达折中,主张骈文、古文并重,异途同源,骈散结合,不必独尊正统。他反对"以古文为时文"和"以时文为古文"的两相妨害,强调古文和八股时文的互学才能两相成就,较阮元将八股文视为骈文一脉之观点客观公正。梁章钜称《文选》骈体、散体并选,并非骈文选本,批驳古文家对《文选》的轻视。梁章钜骈散结合的文体观调和了清中叶古文、骈文之争,为古文、骈文创作和理论的发展做出了一定贡献。

The style discrimination in the Northern and Southern Dynasties has been brought up again in Tuian Esaays written by Liang Zhangju.He wanted to clarify the connotation of＂Wen＂in order to improve the status of parallel prose,and refute the view that the ancient prose writers buried themselves in classic works and made annotation of history,kept away from the essence of essays and belittled the parallel prose.Compared with Ruan Yuan Respectful Style of parallel prose,he denied that it was overcorrect that the ancient prose was ＂Wen＂.Liang Zhangju was more reasonable and compromise.He advocated that ancient prose and parallel prose were equally important.There was no need to respect one of them as orthodoxy exclusively.It was inevitable for parallel prose and prose to combine together though they were homogenous but had divergent evolution.Liang Zhangju objected that the two theories ＂writing ancient prose with the method of eight-legged essays＂and＂writing eight-legged essays with the method of ancient prose＂interfered each other,but emphasized the mutual learning of ancient prose and eight-legged essays.It must have degrees and avoid utilitarian.The words you said from your heart should be substantial in content.Only in this way can both of them make achievements.Compared with Ruan Yuan who regarded eight-legged essays as the same stream of parallel prose and both as orthodox of orthodox writing,Liang Zhangju＇s comments were objective and fair.Liang Zhangju believed Literary Selections selected both parallel style and prose style,it was not the anthology of parallel prose.He also refuted the ancient prose writers who despised Literary Selections.Liang Zhangju＇s theory of prose are a reconciliation of contradictions between the parallel prose and ancient prose in the Mid-Qing Dynasty,which have made a certain contribution to the creation and good theoretical development of ancient essay,parallel prose and eight-legged essay.