广东省典型柑橘产区农药施用现状调查

Application of Pesticides in Typical Sugar Orange Region in Guangdong Province

以粤北某典型砂糖橘种植区的农户为对象,通过实地调查,共获取114份有效调查问卷。结果表明,砂糖橘种植已成为产区农户的主要经济来源,杀虫剂是当前农户使用种类和数量最多的一类农药,且以中、高毒性为主。农药施用的强度为1.58~33.26 kg/(hm^2·a),平均为16.52 kg/(hm^2·a);94.1%的农户使用喷洒效率和安全性能较高的电动或担架式农药喷洒设备,但88.7%的农户没有或偶尔参加过农药施用培训,对农药的毒性和毒理不了解,反映出施用过程较为粗放,对人体健康和生态环境均存在较大危害。该调查研究成果可为减轻砂糖橘产区农业面源污染提供数据支撑。

Taking a typical sugar orange planting area in northern Guangdong as the object,through the field survey,114 valid questionnaires were obtained.The results showed that sugar orange planting has become the main economic source of farmers in the producing areas.Pesticide is the most widely used kind of pesticide and the main toxicity is medium and high toxicity.The application intensity was 16.52 kg/（hm 2· a） aver-agely,ranging was 1.58-33.26 kg/（hm·2 a）.Although 94.1% farmers used highly safe and efficiency equipment,88.7% of which were never or seldom trained ,leading to the incomprehension of the toxicity and toxicology of pesticides.These results were beneficial to the reduction of agri-cultural non-point source pollution in the citrus region.