修昔底德的叙事技巧与写作目的--以《战争史》卷一“五十年记”为例

Narrative Technique and Writing Purpose of the Pentekontaetia in Thucydides,Book I

作为《战争史》卷一中的一段离题叙述,"五十年记"主要关注的是古典时代两次大战之间近半个世纪的希腊历史。通过强烈的对比叙事,修昔底德有选择性和技巧性地记录历史事件,着重描述了雅典的强势崛起及其对手斯巴达的应对,旨在解释战争爆发的根本原因。尽管这段离题叙述缺少精准的定年及详尽而全面的史料证据,但它显然达到了写作的目的,有力地推动了史家对历史的叙述与解释。

The Pentekontaetia,an excursus in Thucydides'Book I,focuses on Greek history for almost half century between two great wars in Classical period.Thucydides selectively and technically records historical events by contrastive narrating on purpose,emphasising the aggressive growth of Athens and her rival Sparta's response,aiming to reveal the truest reason of the Peloponnesian War.Although this excurse is lack of exact dating and detailed evidence,it obviously carries out its purpose of writing,and provides an excellent serve to historian's narrative and explanation.